![]() In America, both AWG and SWG are written as #/#/# where # represents the gauge number. BWG is the Birmingham Wire Gauge and is used throughout most of Europe (except for Britain). SWG is the Standard Wire Gauge and is used in Britain. AWG is the American Wire Gauge and is used in America. There are three common types of SWG gauges: AWG, SWG, and BWG. The metric equivalent is called the British Standard Gauge (BSG). The higher the gauge number, the thinner the wire. ![]() The gauge system is used as a measure of how thick the wire is, either in terms of diameter or cross sectional area. The smallest AWG size is 40 and the largest is 0000 (4/0).īritish Standard Wire Gauge is a set of wire sizes that were established by the British Board of Trade in 1864. The larger the AWG number or wire gauge, the smaller the physical size of the wire. The American Wire Gauge (AWG) system is used in the United States to measure the diameter of nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. The larger the AWG number or wire guage, the smaller the physical size of t The table below can be used to determine the minimum wire size required to safely carry a certain amount of current over a given length of wire.Īmerican Wire Gauge (AWG), also known as the Brown and Sharpe wire gauge, is a standardized wire gauge system used in the United States for the diameters of round, solid, nonferrous, electrically conducting wire. Most electrical wire is AWG number 12 or 14. Wire size is specified by the American Wire Gauge (AWG). The table below shows approximate wattage ratings for common devices.ĭeviceWattage Ceiling fan75-225 Electronic game console150-300 Desktop computer50-250 Laptop computer25-100 Light bulb (incandescent)40-100 Light bulb (CFL or LED)5-15 Refrigerator250-750 This is important to know when choosing electrical wiring, as the wattage will determine the size of wire you need to use.įor example, a 100-watt light bulb will require a heavier gauge wire than a 10-watt night light. The wattage of a device is a measurement of how much power it uses. The National Electric Code (NEC) has requirements for wiring sizes to prevent fires.For example, a 120-volt circuits must use at least 14-gauge wire, and a 240-volt circuit must use at least 12-gauge wire. If too much current flows through a wire, it will overheat and could start a fire. The amperage is limited by the capacity of the wires in the circuit. The wattage is the amount of power that the devices use, and the voltage is the pressure that pushes the current through the circuit. The amperage of a circuit is determined by the wattage of the devices on the circuit and the voltage of the circuit. A larger wire can carry more current than a smaller wire. The size of the wire will determine the ampacity. Current is measured in amps, and the ampacity of a wire is the amount of current that it can carry safely. The amperage of a wire is the amount of current that it can carry. From there, it goes through a transformer to lower the voltage to a level that’s safe for use in your home. The electricity that powers your home is generated at a power plant, and then transmitted over high-voltage power lines to your neighborhood. If it’s outside of this range, you may have a problem with your electrical system. The actual voltage delivered to your home may be slightly higher or lower than this, but it should be within 10% of 120 V. This is also called “standard” or “nominal” voltage. In the U.S., the voltage used in most homes is 120 volts (V). The wire size most commonly used for 500 feet is 4/0 for 100-amp service or 2/0 for 200-amp service. The main service panel is generally rated for 30, 50, or 60 amps. Most houses are supplied with either 100-amp or 200-amp service. This guide will help you select the right size wire for your needs. If you’re looking to run 500 feet of wire, you’ll need to know what size to use.
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Maybe, you’re a home business owner that wants to keep your business away from your residential address or a small startup that wants to give its business a more professional image. There are so many situations that can warrant the need for either temporary or permanent mail forwarding. ![]() If one remembers that the structural-functional theory is simply an analytic tool to find out how the system actually works, many of the criticisms leveled again would appear to be misplaced. “The structural-functional approach stops the motions of the system at a fixed point in time in order to understand how, at that moment, it works as a system”. The structural-functional approach involves “a more limited time perspective”, as compared to an evolutionary perspective of society in which “time, stages of development, and change” are of central interest. One should not ignore the fact that the theory is only a model, a paradigm. ![]() The aforesaid criticisms appear to be based on a totally wrong interpretation of the theory. ![]() On these grounds, the critics conclude that the structural-functional approach “serves as a politically conservative influence in sociological thinking”. “Worse still, the theory produces an apprehension that no social institution, because it is considered to be ‘functional’, can be changed or abolished without endangering the system. The theory, therefore, tends to produce an impression that everything which exists in a society at any given time is easily assumed to be there because it is ‘functional’. It is an equilibrium model based on assumptions of consensus. ![]() Thirdly, the structural-functionalist approach is criticised on the ground that it is concerned with the status quo and that the possibilities of social change are virtually ruled out. It must also be pointed out, in fairness to the exponents of the theory, that the leading advocates of the theory use ‘function’, only to mean ‘as a consequence of, thus avoiding value-judgments and teleological implications altogether. In reply to this criticism, it is held that “many groups act so effectively in unison that it seems “as if they were a single organism possessed of only a single will or purpose”. “Function seems only another word for purpose, and it is often argued that a person can have purpose but that a collectivity cannot”. Secondly, the structural-functional approach is criticised on the ground that it is teleological. Was it equally ‘functional’ for the slaves? It is, therefore, held that “the functionalist point of view easily leads one to under-emphasise the importance of the individual and his needs relative to those of the group”. If we accept Aristotle’s contention as valid, we have to answer the question: Aristotle justified the institution of slavery, saying that it was not only necessary but also desirable. The critics point out that what may be ‘functional’ from the point of view of the structure or unit may not be ‘functional’ for the individual or for a section of the people. (“With respect to a given unit ‘eufunction’ may be defined as any function that increases or maintains adaptation or adjustment of the unit to the unit’s setting, thus making for the persistence of the unit as defined in its setting”). Most often, the term ‘function’ is used in the sense of ‘eufunction’. In the first place, reference has already been made to the varied uses of the term ‘function’ by the advocates of the theory. The structural-functional theory has, however, been subjected to various criticisms. Criticisms of Structural-Functional Analysis: The structural-functional theory, therefore, widens our perspective and broadens our horizon “concerning the possibilities for variation in the forms of social life”. In our study of a primitive or strange society we shall naturally look for the institutions which meet these and similar other urgent requirements of society. Otherwise, such societies could not exist. But even such societies must have some arrangement to regulate the use of force or to provide for the flow of goods and services. There may not also exist the complex economic structure of the type we are familiar with. For example, in primitive societies there may not exist a government in the sense in which we use the term. (iii) The structural-functional theory has been of great help in making comparative studies of societies in various stages of development. Structural-functionalists have taught us to see society as a “whole”. This perspective is particularly valuable to social planners. (ii) The emphasis of the structural-functionalist approach on the inter-relatedness of several parts of society makes us aware of the fact that a change in one part of society, whether intended of unintended, affects other parts of society. ![]() This table provides the maximum allowable span for each species of lumber, as well as the size and load of the beam. Once all of these factors have been taken into consideration, the Lvl Beam Span Table can be consulted. For example, if the project is located in an area prone to seismic activity, the tables may be adjusted accordingly. Additionally, the span tables can vary depending on the location of the project and the type of construction being done. This means that the span tables can change over time, so it’s important to stay up to date with the latest version of the Code. It’s also important to note that the span tables are based on the National Building Code of Canada, which is updated every five years. All of these factors should be taken into account when determining the maximum span for a beam. For example, a beam supporting a roof or floor is going to be under much more stress than one supporting a wall. Additionally, the size of the beam and its use also affect its ability to span. ![]() Different species of wood have different strengths, so the span tables are adjusted accordingly. The first is the species of lumber being used. When looking through the Lvl Beam Span Table, there are several important factors to consider. Understanding the Lvl Beam Span Table is a key part of any successful building project and will help to ensure the safety of everyone involved. One of the most important aspects of the Code is the Lvl Beam Span Table, which establishes the maximum length that a beam can span and still support the structure. The Ontario Building Code is an essential part of staying safe when working on construction projects in the province. ![]() Just remember to update and clean them often to avoid cluttering the grid with unnecessary information. You can find the entire sequence of sudoku puzzles designed especially for beginning. This sudoku sheet is rated easy for beginners and is a great place to start learning about this addictive puzzle. Do not feel self-conscious about it using them. Sudokus get easier to solve once you learn a few tricks, but getting started can be difficult, especially for youngsters. In fact, the harder the Sudoku the more valuable and indispensable they become to find the final solution. On the contrary, it is an essential part of the puzzle to keep track of all the candidates and help with the process of elimination. Taking notes is not considered cheating in Sudoku and it is not even a beginner’s trait. Find out the missing numbers in it and then check your possibilities block by block by testing the missing digit against the information of the row and column where it is inserted. The object of Sudoku is to fill in the empty spaces of a 9x9 grid with numbers 1-9 in such a manner that every row, every column and every 3x3 box contains all numbers 1 through 9. Since the easy level is the one where more hints are given right from the beginning, the best way to start is by focusing on the columns, row or group with the most digits allocated and find out which ones are missing.įor the next step, you can focus your attention on a specific group at a time. Printable Sudoku Puzzles (Deluxe Version) Generate unlimited free Sudoku puzzles with varying degrees of difficulty Sudoku is a great activity to sharpen the mind. The basic rule of Sudoku is that numbers can only appear once per row, column, and group. Finding the solution for an easy puzzle requires only attention, logic and basic knowledge of the mechanics of the game. Based on these, you must fill the remaining blank cells on the grid with numbers from 1 to 9, paying attention not to repeat the same digit in each column, row or group. The easy level is the variety that starts with the most allocated digits. ![]() The levels of difficulty in Sudoku depend on the number of filled cells allocated at the beginning of each game. Seasoned players looking for a quick and straightforward challenge to clean their minds or just pass time will also be able to enjoy this mode. Easy Sudoku puzzles are perfect for beginners and kids to get acquainted with the rules and the principles of the game. ![]() You can change the margin, the document size (8.5x11, A4, or 8.5x13) and the orientation (portrait or landscape). With the program up and running, it's now time to set your legal document. Be sure to check the specs to be more reliable, and to make your experience smooth. In times like this, it might be safer to download something of an earlier version. It might be difficult for you to use the program you are downloading if your equipment (RAM and hard disk) is full. While installing, take notice of the hardware of the device you are using. After downloading the setup.exe file, you can go ahead and install it. Getting something from illegal sites might cause malware software and viruses to invade your computer, so be sure to buy something from a secured distributor. ![]() Remember to download from legitimate websites as they are safer and have guaranteed quality. Download Microsoft Wordĭownload the Microsoft Word program first if you don't have the program yet. Down below is a step by step process of creating a greeting card in MS Word. It's easy to use the Word program as it is quite popular. Microsoft word is a widely used commercial word processor designed by Microsoft. It's usually included one your purchased device has a Windows OS already. With that in mind, let's talk on how to make a greeting card using Microsoft Word. While the average person receives more than 20 cards per year, about one-third of which are birthday cards. Those households on average purchase 30 individual cards per year. How to Create a Greeting Card in Microsoft Word?Īccording to the Greeting Card Association, 90 percent of all US households participate in the greeting card category, purchasing at least one greeting card per year. Print-ready, perfect for commercial as well as personal printing, use our templates to create holiday greetings, birthday cards, wedding cards, and business cards. They are available in 8x4 inches with Bleed. The files are ready-made and are customizable within minutes. The models make use of beautifully designed content, including layout, artwork, images, text fonts, and graphic files. ![]() They are entirely compatible in all versions of Microsoft Word. Perfect for special occasions such as birthdays, Christmas, anniversary, and other holidays, or for sending a message conveying thanks or expressing good wishes. It's simple to craft a greeting card for your friend or loved ones by choosing from one of our premium templates you can download for free. ![]() ![]() If youre brand new to budgeting and want to get. Expenses: Bills, Housing, Health, Car, Food, Utilities, School and Work, Travel, Personal Expenses, Pets, Donation/Charity, Miscellaneous ExpensesĪll categories have several blank lines for your income/expense budget items and a separate place to count total value. 32 Printable Monthly Budget Templates: Free Budget Planners Check out the best printable monthly budget templates with free calculators and planners. Kiplingers Household Budget Worksheet is a simple and straightforward budget template thats highly versatile. Create your unique planner using best daily, weekly, monthly, meal, fitness, budget, student, teacher, etc.Income: Expected/Actual/Difference, Total Income.These templates are instantly downloadable, customizable, and printable. To make sure that you budget your monthly earnings, we have created Budget Planner Templates in Word and Apple Pages for you to use. Your monthly budget planning will be much easier with this printable template. After all, its you who will benefit from this. If you plan on creating a simple budget plan so you can get yourself strategizing in the months to come, then we got something for you to get you started in that process. There is a section where you can fill in your irregular expenses such as gifts and health expenses. Write down the bills and spendings of each month. In the expenses part, there are blocks of fixed expenses. The income part is designed for two income sources where you fill in your expected and actual ones and calculate the difference. Next, you can work with Google Sheets or another format, depending on the type of printable monthly budget template. It has a simple design and is divided into two significant parts. Just go to the page of the desired template and click on the appropriate button to get a copy of the customizable option. Be always aware of where you spend every penny with this budget planner. Simple personal budget Better understand your finances with a simple personal budget template from Excel. ![]() It’s high time to become financially conscious. You don’t know where the money constantly goes? Most people spend hundreds of dollars on things they don’t plan to buy. ![]() ![]() ![]() They are saved in Microsoft Word ".docx" format and can be used with the newer versions of Word that support the XML document standard (files with ".docx" extension - Word 2007 to 2021 and Office 365). The templates are blank, printable and macro-free and are easy to edit, amend, save and use again later. The variations range from yearly calendars on a single page (the whole year at a glance) to quarterly calendars on 4 pages (3 months/1 quarter on one page). These templates are multi-purpose and suitable for a great variety of uses: holiday planner, trip planner, journey planner, travel planner, yearly overview, yearly planner, company calendar, school calendar, holiday calendar, wall planner, blank calendar, attendance calendar, shift calendar, shift planner, yearly calendar, custom calendar, family planner, period calculator, ovulation calculator, pregnancy calendar, simple project management tool, team collaboration tool, EMM, ERP/MRP, SCM, PLM, CRM, HR, reporting, to do list, task management, appointment calendar, desktop calendar, wall calendar, as time sheet, time management tool or time tracking software, for process management, process optimization, help desk administration, business administration, business intelligence and analytics, automation, forecasting, finance, accounting, financial planning, tax planning, sales & marketing, customer service, customer relationship management, process & supply chain management, data analysis, availability and booking, as pocket calendar, advertising calendar, community calendar, staff planner, employee scheduler, employee absence tracker, people planner, vacation planner, annual journal, events planner, scheduler, shared scheduling, date calculator, yearly record, work schedule, wedding planner, fiscal year planner, register or report and many more. Multi-purpose Microsoft Word calendars 2016 for the United States – practical, versatile, customizable and free to download and print. There's two types of Mesh Renderers that your avatar could have on it- Static Mesh Renderers and Skinned Mesh Renderers. Reduce the amount of meshes on your avatar Limit your use of Cloth heavily, and do not apply it to meshes that have greater than 200 or so vertices. Limit usage of Cloth Ĭloth is a default Unity component that has a similar cost to Dynamic Bones and is more difficult to set up. VRChat will automatically convert Dynamic Bones to PhysBones at runtime. You can also define static forces like gravity which can make hair fall more realistically.ĭynamic Bones is deprecated and will be removed eventually. Do not use Dynamic Bones! ĭynamic Bones is a Unity Asset that you can purchase that allows you to define bones on your avatar's rig to move around as if they were hanging. We strongly recommend using tools like this! It makes your job easier, and improves performance for all.Īs a sidenote, the SDK's Build Control panel provides numbers of components on avatars to help with optimization. ![]() Although some of the descriptions provided below are not precise in a technical manner, this document is intended to assist novice users in learning how to optimize their avatars.Ĭommunity-created tools like Cats Blender Plugin (MIT license) allow users to very easily optimize their models and assist with common VRChat avatar problems. If you have input on optimization tips, please use the Suggest Edits button in the top right and add your own!ĭo you want your avatar to be efficient and be loved by everyone because of all the frames you're saving them? Follow these tips and you should be good!Īny recommended numbers or limits in this document are subject to change at any time. However, we try our best to keep this document updated with the most common things people miss, and the most important targets to hit. ![]() We don't expect everyone to know everything. This guide is not meant to be the end-all, be-all of avatar optimization! Optimizing your avatar properly requires pretty wide knowledge of a ton of things. ![]() Parson’s structural functionalist approach makes use of an organic analogy in order to provide an explanation of the operation of society and the possibility of social order. ![]() Individuals are claimed to be products of the social structures and social influences such as their friends and family, their exposure to the mass media etc. Parson’s approach is macro-sociological, meaning that the social structures/ society are perceived as having control over individuals. The transformation of institutions is argued to control and shape social life while changing it also, resulting in intensely regulated social behaviour (Cheal,1999,pg.57). Parson’s takes a modernist point of view accompanied by the standardization of family role behaviour. The main focus of this essay is to evaluate Parson’s structural functionalist approach to the study of ‘the family’. We can thus see the complications that attempting to study such an ambiguous topic pose and how the results of the attempts to study ‘the family’ could be problematic. He stresses how ‘obvious’ or ‘true’ the idea of ‘the family’ is and this results in those studying family to fail to realise that the adoption of the family model involves adopting a clear value stance which he claims tend to be racist, sexist, heterosexualist and ableist (Bernardes,1997,pg.30). Furthermore, Cheal (1997) makes a very relevant and important claim that they are bound to value judgements. The topic ‘family’ is also embedded in everyday language, emotions, identities, loaded with many interpretations and definitions, making it almost impossible to study. Bernardes (1997) notes that family life is bound to who were believe ourselves to be and how we fit into the social structures and what our beliefs are about others (pg.28-29). There is no universally accepted definition of the term. Trost (1990) makes the conclusion that ‘Evidently no one “Knows” what a family is: our perspectives vary to such a degree that to claim to know what a family is shows lack of knowledge’(ibid:p.442) (Cheal,1999,p.61). ![]() There is a desire to study ‘the family’, without knowledge of what it actually is. There is the problem, in sociology and social theory when it comes to the study of ‘family’. Bernardes(1985),Denzin (1987) and Rapoport (1989) state that “.the dominant tendency in the sociology of the family- to seek theoretical integration through one coherent model of a specifically modern type of family – has been severely criticised” (Cheal, 1999, pg.56). It is essential to acknowledge the difficulties posed when theorizing ‘the family’ before continuing. This essay will conclude with the view that an amendment of Parson’s structural functional approach would be more beneficial than disregarding it. There are many weaknesses and criticisms to Parson’s approach, as shall become more apparent however, he has also made contributions which will be explored. To conclude this essay, the contributions that Parsons has made with his structural functionalist approach to the study of the family will be assessed. The assumptions made by Parson’s will be evaluated using both critiques and supporting arguments. I shall then move on to explaining Parson’s structural functionalist approach and its application to ‘the family’. I shall begin by identifying the complexities that surround the study and theorization of ‘the family’. This essay aims to evaluate Parson’s structural functionalist approach to the study of the family. |
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